16. A beam-forming system, comprising:
a programmable phase sequencer operable to provide phase-shifted versions of a reference clock, and
a plurality of integrated antenna circuits corresponding to the phase-shifted versions of the reference clock, each integrated
antenna circuit including a phase-locked loop and a corresponding antenna and mixer, each phase-locked loop operable to receive
the corresponding phase-shifted version of the reference clock as a reference signal and provide a frequency-shifted output
signal that is synchronous with the reference signal, wherein if an integrated antenna circuit is configured for transmission,
the output signal is upconverted in the circuit's mixer and the upconverted signal transmitted by the corresponding antenna,
and wherein if an integrated antenna unit is configured for reception, a received signal from the circuit's antenna is downconverted
in the mixer responsive to the output signal.
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