US 12,168,797 B2
Signal encoding and decoding in multiplexed biochemical assays
Emil P. Kartalov, Pasadena, CA (US); Aditya Rajagopal, Orange, CA (US); and Axel Scherer, Barnard, VT (US)
Assigned to California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA (US)
Filed by CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, Pasadena, CA (US)
Filed on Jul. 13, 2023, as Appl. No. 18/352,112.
Application 18/352,112 is a continuation of application No. 16/937,464, filed on Jul. 23, 2020, granted, now 11,866,768.
Application 16/937,464 is a continuation of application No. 15/914,356, filed on Mar. 7, 2018, granted, now 10,770,170.
Application 15/914,356 is a continuation of application No. 14/451,876, filed on Aug. 5, 2014, granted, now 10,068,051.
Application 14/451,876 is a continuation of application No. 13/756,760, filed on Feb. 1, 2013, granted, now 8,838,394.
Claims priority of provisional application 61/703,093, filed on Sep. 19, 2012.
Claims priority of provisional application 61/594,480, filed on Feb. 3, 2012.
Prior Publication US 2024/0018573 A1, Jan. 18, 2024
This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.
Int. Cl. G01N 33/48 (2006.01); C12Q 1/68 (2018.01); C12Q 1/6825 (2018.01); C12Q 1/6851 (2018.01); G01N 21/64 (2006.01); G01N 33/50 (2006.01); G16B 5/00 (2019.01); G16B 25/00 (2019.01); G16B 25/20 (2019.01); G16B 40/10 (2019.01); G06F 17/10 (2006.01); G06F 17/11 (2006.01); G16B 40/00 (2019.01)
CPC C12Q 1/6825 (2013.01) [C12Q 1/68 (2013.01); C12Q 1/6851 (2013.01); G01N 21/6486 (2013.01); G16B 5/00 (2019.02); G16B 25/00 (2019.02); G16B 25/20 (2019.02); G16B 40/10 (2019.02); G06F 17/10 (2013.01); G06F 17/11 (2013.01); G16B 40/00 (2019.02); Y02A 50/30 (2018.01)] 30 Claims
OG exemplary drawing
 
1. A system comprising:
a sample chamber configured to house a sample and analyte-specific reagent mixtures of analyte-specific hybridization probes and multiple fluorophores;
a multi-channel detector to detect:
a first electromagnetic signal at a first wavelength from the sample chamber, the first electromagnetic signal generated by excitement of a first fluorophore of the multiple fluorophores;
a second electromagnetic signal at a second wavelength from the sample chamber, the second electromagnetic signal generated by excitement of a second fluorophore of the multiple fluorophores;
a third electromagnetic signal at a third wavelength from the sample chamber, the third electromagnetic signal generated by excitement of a third fluorophore of the multiple fluorophores;
a fourth electromagnetic signal at a fourth wavelength from the sample chamber, the fourth electromagnetic signal generated by excitement of a fourth fluorophore of the multiple fluorophores;
a processor controlled analyzer to receive, from the multi-channel detector, a cumulative signal based on the first, second, third, and fourth electromagnetic signals and apply a decoding matrix to the cumulative signal to unambiguously detect the presence or absence of at least each of M analytes by associating, for each analyte, a first value in a first component of the cumulative signal and a second value in a second component of the cumulative signal, wherein each first value is an intensity or range of intensities and each second value is a wavelength or a range of wavelengths, and wherein the second values comprise the first, second, third, and fourth wavelengths, and the determination is made without immobilization, mass spectrometry or melting curve analysis;
wherein for the positive integer M,
M=C*log2 (F+1),
F is a positive integer and is equal to the maximum cumulative intensity of the first component of the signal, for any second value, when all of the analytes are present, and
C=4, 5, or 6; and
wherein F+1 is a positive integer and wherein F+1 is a power of 2,
wherein M is greater than the number of the second values used to encode the analytes (C), the multi-channel detector comprises C channels, and M and C are positive integers.